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He began with his closest friends, then these friends widened the conspiracy by bringing in their own friends. When he returned, he did not merely tinker with the laws, but instead followed the example of the wisest ephors to implement incremental change. Lycurgus had already decided that some fundamental changes would have to be made in Sparta. Even the Spartan kings wanted Lycurgus to return because they saw him as one who could protect them from the people. He had the true foundation of sovereignty: a nature born to rule, and a talent for inspiring obedience. As they admitted, only Lycurgus was really a king in their heart, although others wore a crown and claimed the title. Head of Lycurgus, from the marble in the Vatican Museum Return to Sparta Īfter Lycurgus had been absent for a while, the Spartans wrote and begged him to come back.

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According to Plutarch, the Egyptians claim that Lycurgus visited them too, and that he got from the Egyptians the idea of separating the military from the menial workers, thus refining later Spartan society, in which Spartans were not allowed to practice manual crafts. Lycurgus compiled the scattered fragments of Homer and made sure that the lessons of statecraft and morality in Homer's epics became widely known. In Ionia, Lycurgus discovered the works of Homer. Some say that Lycurgus subsequently traveled as far as Egypt, Spain, and India.

Traveling after that to Asia Minor, homeland of the Ionian Greeks, he found it instructive to compare the refined and luxurious lifestyle of the Ionians with the stern and disciplined culture of the Dorians. Spartan and Cretan institutions did indeed have common characteristics, but, though some direct borrowing may have occurred, such similarities are in general more likely to be because of the common Dorian inheritance of Sparta and Crete rather than because some individual such as Lycurgus imported Cretan customs to Sparta. During this time he met a composer named Thales, whose music could soothe the masses, inspiring his listeners to become better people. His first destination was Crete, like Sparta a Dorian land, where he studied the laws of Minos. Therefore, Lycurgus gave up all of his authority and set out on a celebrated, though no doubt legendary, journey. Lycurgus finally decided that the only way that he might avoid blame in case something should happen to the child would be to go traveling until Charilaus had grown up and fathered a son to secure the succession. He was slandered and accused of plotting the death of Charilaus. The young king's mother and her relatives envied and hated Lycurgus. After that, given his reputation as a man who could readily lay down the supreme power out of respect for justice, he could rule the Spartans in his capacity as the guardian of his nephew Charilaus. When this child was born, Lycurgus named the child Charilaus ('joy of the people') and transferred his kingship to the baby. Lycurgus' brother, however, had died with a pregnant wife. His father deceased, he was offered the throne. It is said that Lycurgus rose to power when his older brother, the king, had died. Some scholars think the most plausible date is indicated by Thucydides, who said that in his time the Spartan constitution was over four hundred years old this would imply a date for Lycurgus, or at least for the reforms attributed to him, of the last quarter of the 9th century BC. The dates of Lycurgus have been given by ancient and modern authorities as being as early as the 10th century BC and as late as the 6th century BC. Lycurgus of Sparta, Lycurgus handing over the kingship to the child when it was born

However, this could have been another man named Lycurgus who lived before the legislator. It was also thought that he lived around the same time as Homer, and that they personally knew each other. It was believed by some that Lycurgus was alive around the same time as Iphitos of Elis and reinstated the Olympic Games with him in 776 BC. The actual person Lycurgus may or may not have existed – it is possible that 'Lycourgos' was an epithet of the god Apollo as he was worshiped in very early Sparta, and that later legend transformed this aspect of the god into a wise human lawgiver – but as a symbolic founder of the Spartan state he was looked to as the initiator of many of its social and political institutions much, therefore, of Plutarch's account is concerned with finding the 'origin' of contemporary Spartan practices. Plutarch himself remarks that nothing can be known for certain about Lycurgus, since different authors give different accounts of almost everything about him. Most information about Lycurgus comes from Plutarch's 'Life of Lycurgus' (part of Parallel Lives), which is more of an anecdotal collection than a real biography.

2.1 A new council between the people and the kings.

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